NASHVILLE DIDN’T OPEN THE DOOR FOR DWIGHT YOAKAM. LOS ANGELES PUNK CLUBS DID—AND THE COUNTRY OUTSIDER THEY EMBRACED LATER TOOK BUCK OWENS BACK TO NO. 1. Dwight Yoakam arrived in Los Angeles in 1977 with music that sounded deliberately out of step with the moment. Country radio was moving toward polished crossover sounds. Yoakam wanted something leaner and harder: Buck Owens, Merle Haggard and the honky-tonk records he had grown up hearing in Kentucky and Ohio. Instead of finding his first audience inside the country establishment, he found one in Los Angeles’ punk and roots underground. Yoakam began playing clubs alongside X, The Blasters and Los Lobos, bringing cowboy boots, acoustic guitar and hillbilly songs into rooms filled with punk and rock fans. It worked. He later said those audiences responded to the same things he loved in older country: directness, energy and little polish between performer and listener. He even called the approach “cowpunk.” The circuit let Yoakam build a following without waiting for Nashville. With guitarist and producer Pete Anderson, he developed the stripped-down sound that defined his early records. A major label still did not come first. Yoakam financed a six-song EP himself. Guitars, Cadillacs, Etc., Etc. appeared on the independent Oak Records in 1984 and sold well enough to attract Reprise Records, which expanded it into a full album in 1986. Then country radio caught up. “Honky Tonk Man,” the Johnny Horton song from 1956, became Yoakam’s first country hit. “Guitars, Cadillacs” followed into the Top 5. The album reached No. 1 on Billboard’s country albums chart and eventually went double platinum. Yoakam arrived alongside Randy Travis as mainstream country began moving back toward traditional sounds. But their routes were very different. Travis came through Nashville. Yoakam came through Los Angeles clubs. Then, in 1988, Yoakam recorded “Streets of Bakersfield” with Buck Owens, whose records had helped define the California sound Yoakam had been defending from the beginning. Owens had largely stepped away from recording. Their duet brought him back to country radio and went all the way to No. 1. The Los Angeles outsider was no longer simply borrowing from Bakersfield history. He had helped put one of its architects back at the top of the chart.